منابع مشابه
Understanding how morphogens work.
In this article, we describe the mechanisms by which morphogens in the Xenopus embryo exert their long-range effects. Our results are consistent with the idea that signalling molecules such as activin and the nodal-related proteins traverse responding tissue not by transcytosis or by cytonemes but by movement through the extracellular space. We suggest, however, that additional experiments, inv...
متن کاملMorphogens
Hands have five fingers, with each finger different and arranged in a particular order. Obvious perhaps, but the way that this arrangement is achieved during development has intrigued developmental biologists for decades. How do the cells of the hand know whether to form a thumb, index or little finger? More generally, how do cells know where they are within a tissue so that they form the appro...
متن کاملNodal morphogens.
Nodal signals belong to the TGF-beta superfamily and are essential for the induction of mesoderm and endoderm and the determination of the left-right axis. Nodal signals can act as morphogens-they have concentration-dependent effects and can act at a distance from their source of production. Nodal and its feedback inhibitor Lefty form an activator/inhibitor pair that behaves similarly to postul...
متن کاملMorphogens, their identification and regulation.
During the course of development, cells of many tissues differentiate according to the positional information that is set by the concentration gradients of morphogens. Morphogens are signaling molecules that emanate from a restricted region of a tissue and spread away from their source to form a concentration gradient. As the fate of each cell in the field depends on the concentration of the mo...
متن کاملEmbryonic pattern formation without morphogens.
One of the earliest and most-fundamental pattern- formation events in embryonic development is endoderm and mesoderm specification. In sea urchin embryos, this process begins with blimp1 and wnt8 gene expression at the vegetal pole as soon as embryonic transcription begins. Shortly afterwards, wnt8/blimp1 expression spreads to the adjacent ring of mesoderm progenitor cells and is extinguished i...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Reviews Genetics
سال: 2005
ISSN: 1471-0056,1471-0064
DOI: 10.1038/nrg1775